Verkkohydroponics, the method of growing plants without soil, is set to play a pivotal role in sustainable agriculture. The technique minimizes water usage,. Verkkothe impact of hydroponic systems on soilless vegetable production is transformative, offering a host of benefits but presenting specific challenges that. Verkkotechnological advancements in smart agriculture have enabled farmers to optimize their production systems, enhance crop production, and improve the. Verkkocurrently, about 3. 5% of the worldwide area cultivated under tunnels and greenhouses for vegetables production adopts the soilless agriculture. Verkkoa global assessment of the unused profitable hydropower potential is performed with strict criteria to limit the environmental and social. Verkkohydroponics, an innovative method of cultivating plants without soil, has gained significant attention as a promising solution for sustainable and eco. Verkkothis review aims therefore at unravelling limitations and opportunities of hydroponic solutions used in soilless cropping systems focusing on the plant. Verkkodescribes the importance of hydroponics in crop plant research and its applications to enhance crop productivity; Provides insight into the background of this rapidly.